Of course, all Ruckus 802.11ac AP's are backwards compatible with B/G/N, so you will be fine. Of the devices you listed, only the Macbook Pro has a 3-stream wifi card, which means that the rest of them will perform the same whether you buy an R500 or R600/R700/R710. All these AP models mentioned are simultaneous dual band 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
And yes, all Ruckus AP's operate on standard PoE like what your switch provides. In fact, the R500/600/700 will do so with no compromised functionality whatsoever. The only exception is the newest AP, the Wave 2 R710, will be slightly compromised when it runs on standard POE rather than POE+. Specifically, you can't use 2xgigabit link aggregation and 2.4GHz transmit power is capped. Still, though, that is a very minor compromise, and I would still be more than happy to run that setup.